University of Zagreb Medical School
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu

Robert Likić

MD PhD FBPhS
Tenured Professor of Internal Medicine & Prescribing
Consultant Internist & Clinical Pharmacologist
University Hospital Centre Zagreb
Redoviti profesor interne medicine i farmakoterapije
Konzultant internist i klinički farmakolog
Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
Clinical Pharmacology Klinička farmakologija Internal Medicine Interna medicina Rational Prescribing Racionalna farmakoterapija Medical Education Medicinsko obrazovanje Health Policy Zdravstvena politika AI in Medicine UI u medicini
133
Publications
Publikacije
20+
Years active
Godina rada
2026
Most recent
Najnovije
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About

O meni

Robert Likić is a tenured Professor of Internal Medicine and Prescribing at the University of Zagreb Medical School and a Consultant Internist and Clinical Pharmacologist at University Hospital Centre Zagreb — one of Croatia's premier academic medical institutions.

His career has spanned clinical practice, research leadership, and medical education reform over two decades. His doctoral work, completed in 2008, examined the integration of problem-based learning in rational drug use curricula — research that set the trajectory for his sustained engagement with prescribing education at both national and European levels.

He was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Michigan Medical School in 2009, and has served in senior editorial roles including Executive Editor and Senior Editor for Themed Issues and Reviews at the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, the leading journal in his field. He currently sits on the editorial board of the Croatian Medical Journal.

His research bridges clinical pharmacology, health outcomes measurement, antimicrobial stewardship, pharmacoeconomics, and — increasingly — the role of artificial intelligence in medicine and prescribing education. He is a member of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) education working group, contributing to EU-wide prescribing curricula and competency frameworks.

From 2012 to 2016 he served on both the national committee for medicines under the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance and the Ministry of Health's committee for medicines and health, shaping drug reimbursement policy and pricing at the national level.

Robert Likić redoviti je profesor interne medicine i farmakoterapije na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te konzultant internist i klinički farmakolog u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb — jednoj od vodećih akademskih medicinskih ustanova u Hrvatskoj.

Njegova karijera obuhvaća kliničku praksu, istraživački rad i reformu medicinskog obrazovanja kroz više od dva desetljeća. Doktorski rad, obranjen 2008. godine, bavio se integracijom problemski usmjerene nastave u kurikulum racionalne farmakoterapije — istraživanje koje je odredilo smjer njegova dugogodišnjeg angažmana u obrazovanju iz propisivanja lijekova na nacionalnoj i europskoj razini.

Bio je gostujući znanstvenik na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Michiganu 2009. godine, a obnašao je i visoke uredničke funkcije, uključujući izvršnog urednika i starijeg urednika tematskih izdanja u časopisu British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vodećem časopisu u svojem području. Trenutačno je član uredničkog odbora Croatian Medical Journal.

Njegovo istraživanje obuhvaća kliničku farmakologiju, mjerenje zdravstvenih ishoda, antimikrobno upravljanje, farmakoekonomiku te — sve više — ulogu umjetne inteligencije u medicini i obrazovanju iz propisivanja lijekova. Član je radne grupe za obrazovanje Europskog udruženja za kliničku farmakologiju i terapiju (EACPT).

Od 2012. do 2016. godine bio je član Povjerenstva za lijekove Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje i Povjerenstva za lijekove Ministarstva zdravstva, gdje je oblikovao politiku nadoknade troškova lijekova i politiku cijena na nacionalnoj razini.

Research interests

Znanstveni interesi

⚗️

Rational prescribing & pharmacotherapy

Racionalno propisivanje i farmakoterapija

Improving prescribing safety, studying medication errors, and developing frameworks for rational drug use across European health systems. Co-author of the EACPT European Key Medicines list and prescribing competency standards.

Unapređenje sigurnosti propisivanja lijekova, istraživanje pogrešaka u farmakoterapiji i razvoj okvira za racionalnu upotrebu lijekova u europskim zdravstvenim sustavima. Suautor EACPT popisa ključnih lijekova i standarda kompetencija u propisivanju.

🤖

AI & digital innovation in medicine

UI i digitalne inovacije u medicini

Exploring large language models, digital twins, in silico trials, and AI-powered decision support in clinical pharmacology, rare disease research, and medical education — including safety and ethical dimensions.

Istraživanje velikih jezičnih modela, digitalnih blizanaca, in silico kliničkih ispitivanja i podrške odlučivanju temeljene na UI u kliničkoj farmakologiji, istraživanju rijetkih bolesti i medicinskom obrazovanju — uključujući aspekte sigurnosti i etike.

🦠

Antimicrobial stewardship

Antimikrobno upravljanje

Antibiotic optimisation programmes, resistance surveillance, prescribing behaviour among medical students and professionals, and penicillin allergy de-labelling as a health equity intervention.

Programi optimizacije antibiotske terapije, praćenje rezistencije, ponašanje pri propisivanju među studentima medicine i liječnicima te uklanjanje oznake alergije na penicilin kao intervencija za unapređenje zdravstvene pravičnosti.

💊

Pharmacoeconomics & health policy

Farmakoekonomika i zdravstvena politika

Budget impact analyses, cost-minimisation and cost-effectiveness models, biosimilar market entry, drug pricing policy, and reimbursement strategy at institutional and national levels.

Analize proračunskog utjecaja, modeli minimizacije troškova i troškovna učinkovitost, ulazak biosličnih lijekova na tržište, politika cijena lijekova i strategija nadoknade troškova na institucijskoj i nacionalnoj razini.

🎓

Medical education reform

Reforma medicinskog obrazovanja

Problem-based learning, e-learning, the European Prescribing Exam, harmonisation of clinical pharmacology curricula across EU medical schools, and diversity & inclusion in medical case vignettes.

Problemska nastava, e-učenje, Europski ispit iz propisivanja, usklađivanje kurikuluma kliničke farmakologije na europskim medicinskim fakultetima te raznolikost i uključivost u medicinskim slučajevima.

🏥

Oncology & immunopharmacology

Onkologija i imunofarmakologija

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, checkpoint-related adverse effects, biologics in oncological and inflammatory conditions, and pharmacovigilance of novel immunotherapeutic agents.

Inhibitori imunoloških kontrolnih točaka, nuspojave vezane uz kontrolne točke, biološki lijekovi u onkološkim i upalnim stanjima te farmakovigilancija novih imunoterapijskih agensa.

Selected publications

Odabrane publikacije

Teaching

Nastava

01

Undergraduate medicine

Preddiplomska nastava

Teaching internal medicine and clinical pharmacology to medical students at the University of Zagreb Medical School, integrating e-learning tools and problem-based learning approaches.

Predavanje interne medicine i kliničke farmakologije studentima medicine na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, uz integraciju e-učenja i problemski usmjerene nastave.

02

Postgraduate & specialist training

Poslijediplomska i specijalistička nastava

Mentoring residents and postgraduate students in internal medicine, rational pharmacotherapy, and research methodology. Supervision of PhD candidates.

Mentorstvo specijalizantima i poslijediplomskim studentima iz interne medicine, racionalne farmakoterapije i metodologije istraživanja. Mentorstvo doktorandima.

03

European prescribing education

Europsko obrazovanje iz propisivanja

Active member of the EACPT Education Working Group and the EurOP²E consortium. Contributor to the European Prescribing Exam, key medicine lists, and harmonisation of EU pharmacology curricula.

Aktivni član Radne grupe za obrazovanje EACPT-a i konzorcija EurOP²E. Doprinos Europskom ispitu iz propisivanja, popisu ključnih lijekova i usklađivanju europskih farmakoloških kurikuluma.

04

E-learning & digital education

E-učenje i digitalno obrazovanje

Development and implementation of online learning platforms for internal medicine and prescribing. Research into the effectiveness of digital tools for clinical education, including AI-powered case vignettes.

Razvoj i implementacija platformi za online učenje iz interne medicine i propisivanja. Istraživanje učinkovitosti digitalnih alata u kliničkom obrazovanju, uključujući kliničke slučajeve generirane UI-em.

Academic career progression
Akademska karijera
2023 — present
2023. — danas
Tenured Professor of Internal Medicine & Prescribing
Redoviti profesor interne medicine i farmakoterapije
University of Zagreb Medical School / UHC Zagreb
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / KBC Zagreb
2017 — 2023
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine & Prescribing
Izvanredni profesor interne medicine i farmakoterapije
University of Zagreb Medical School / UHC Zagreb
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / KBC Zagreb
2012 — 2016
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine & Prescribing
Docent iz interne medicine i farmakoterapije
University of Zagreb Medical School / UHC Zagreb
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / KBC Zagreb
2009
Visiting Scholar & Research Fellow
Gostujući znanstvenik i istraživački suradnik
University of Michigan Medical School and Health Centre, Ann Arbor
2007 — 2011
Senior Lecturer in Internal Medicine
Viši asistent iz interne medicine
University of Zagreb Medical School
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
2002 — 2007
Research Fellow / Resident in Internal Medicine
Istraživački suradnik / Specijalizant interne medicine
University of Zagreb Medical School
Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
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Contact

Kontakt

For research collaborations, editorial enquiries, or academic correspondence, please reach out via the details below.

Za istraživačke suradnje, uredničke upite ili akademsku prepisku, obratite mi se putem dolje navedenih kontakata.

Email
Telephone
Telefon
+385 (0)1 2388 288
🏛
Address
Adresa
Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
University Hospital Centre Zagreb
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
Klinika za internu medicinu
Zavod za kliničku farmakologiju i toksikologiju

Academic identifiers

Akademski identifikatori

For citation and bibliometric purposes:

Za citiranje i bibliometrijske svrhe:

Scientific Worker ID ID znanstvenika 271762
PubMed author search PubMed pretraga Likic R[Author]
Institution Ustanova University of Zagreb Medical School & University Hospital Centre Zagreb MF Zagreb & KBC Zagreb
Editorial board Urednički odbor Croatian Medical Journal
Senior Editor Stariji urednik British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology